Cuidados intensivos durante la epidemia de coronavirus 2019 Intensive care during the 2019-coronavirus epidemic

Resumen El 31 de diciembre de 2019, la Comisión de Salud de la provincia China de Hubei, dio a conocer por primera vez un grupo de casos inexplicables de neumonía, que posteriormente la OMS definió como el nuevo coronavirus de 2019 (SARS-CoV-2). El SARS-CoV-2 ha presentado una transmisión rápida de persona a persona y actualmente es una pandemia mundial. En la mayor serie de casos descrita hasta la fecha de pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoViD), el 26% requirió atención en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Esta pandemia está provocando una movilización de la comunidad científica sin precedentes, lo que lleva asociado un numero exponencialmente creciente de publicaciones en relación con la misma. La presente revisión bibliográfica narrativa, tiene como objetivo reunir las principales aportaciones en el área de los cuidados intensivos hasta la fecha en relación con la epidemiología, la clínica, el diagnóstico y el manejo de 2019-nCoViD.

Social inequalities and nutritional disparities: the link between obesity and COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: Cohort studies, clinical audits of patients with COVID-19 in hospital and routine primary care records provided evidence-based insights on the relationship between excess weigh, obesity and COVID-19. The purpose of this umbrella review is to highlight the relationship between nutritional quality and social inequalities related to CDNCD, obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Only articles published from 2008 to the present were included in the search to show an updated picture of the topic. The search for published studies was conducted in February 2021 in the scientific databases PubMed (MEDLINE). The terms used for the search were "COVID-19", "Obesity", "Disparities", "Nutritional inequalities", "Chronic degenerative non-communicable diseases" and "review" OR "systematic review" OR "meta-analysis" separated by the Boolean operator AND. RESULTS: 1874 reviews were found, but only 99 met the objective. Obese or dysmetabolic patients are those who had a worse course of disease following COVID-19. This data was observed not only for Chinese and Caucasians, but also and above all among Africans, African Americans, Latinos and indigenous people. Plausible mechanisms to explain the association between obesity and COVID-19 outcomes, included the role of excess adipose tissue on respiratory function, metabolic dysfunction, the cardiovascular system, enhanced inflammatory response and impaired response to infection. CONCLUSIONS: Today, chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases (CDNCDs) are responsible for 70% of public health expenditure, affecting 30% of the population (one or more chronic diseases). Unfortunately, given the health emergency due to SARS-CoV-2, infectious diseases are currently more at the center of attention. However, the spread of infectious communicable diseases and CDNCDs is facilitated in situations of social disparity. In fact, in the poorest countries there are the highest rates of malnutrition and there is a greater risk of contracting viral infections, as well as, paradoxically, a risk of comorbidity, due to access to cheaper food and qualitatively poor, with high caloric density.

Coronavirus e cronicità, due battaglie da vincere sullo stesso campo (il territorio) e anche con una “nuova” figura (l’infermiere di famiglia e di comunità)

Until just a month ago, it was clear a challange against chronic diseases. It is useless to extend life if you cannot increase the quality, both in a social and more strictly sanitary sense. Today, due to Covid-19, much of the resources and attention are concentrated on the hospital phase. In addition, people make fewer visits, resulting in their health worsening. But if it is in the territory that we must continue “to hold on” for the fight against chronic diseases, it is always in the territory that we can win the “battle” against the infectious emergency, favoring home management as much as possible. Furthermore, it has been shown that patients with obesity-related diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, have an increased risk of developing complications if affected by Covid-19. But obesity itself can be a risk factor for the development of complications related to the pro-inflammatory state. The problem is that most Healthcare Systems do not consider it a disease and are therefore not focused on its management. At this point the battles against Coronavirus and chronic diseases are faced with widely overlapping tools and organizational models. This document proposes the Chronicity Plan relaunch and the investment in the figure of the family and community nurse. Copyright © FrancoAngeli.

[Intensive care during the 2019-coronavirus epidemic]. / Cuidados intensivos durante la epidemia de coronavirus 2019.

On 31 December 2019, the Health Commission of Hubei Province of China first unveiled a group of unexplained cases of pneumonia, which WHO subsequently defined as the new coronavirus of 2019 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 has presented rapid person-to-person transmission and is currently a global pandemic. In the largest number of cases described to date of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease (2019-nCoViD), 26% required care in an intensive care unit (ICU). This pandemic is causing an unprecedented mobilization of the scientific community, which has been associated with an exponentially growing number of publications in relation to it. This narrative literature review aims to gather the main contributions in the area of intensive care to date in relation to the epidemiology, clinic, diagnosis and management of 2019-nCoViD.

Short Report - Medical nutrition therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19.

No Abstract Available.